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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Latinate Wills</text>
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                <text>Ster, wife of Astrug Crescas: Salon-de-Provence, 1419</text>
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                <text>Ster, wife of Astrug Crescas of Bésaudun</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ster's will suggests that she was very poor. </text>
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                <text>Salon-de-Provence, France</text>
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                <text>20 September 1419</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1733">
                <text>Archives Départementales des Bouches-du-Rhône</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1734">
                <text>Archives Départementales des Bouches-du-Rhône 375 E 39 f. 32v </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1735">
                <text>Wernham, &lt;em&gt;La communauté juive de Salon-de-Provence&lt;/em&gt;, 55.</text>
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                <text>Latin</text>
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                <text>France</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1738">
                <text>Rena Lauer</text>
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        <name>poverty</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Latinate Wills</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Usellina, daughter of Benedesti di Verona: Cividale, 1567</text>
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                <text>Usellina, daughter of Benedisti di Verona, widow of Abramo di Conegliano</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The widow Usellina was a member of the Ashkenazic community of northern Italy. Her will contains significant concern for her burial, including specifics on where she should be buried and instructions that a plaque that should be placed on her monument. The will also left bequests of clothing for the two children of her late daughter Giustina -- a granddaughter named Anna and a grandson named Abramo. Miriam Davide stresses the poverty of Usellina and sees this as part of a wider trend in the social reality of Cividale's Jews in this period. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1415">
                <text>Cividale, Italy</text>
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                <text>17 August 1567</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1417">
                <text>Archivio di Stato, Udine</text>
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                <text>Notarile Antico, b. 788, cc. 196v-197v.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1419">
                <text>See Davide, "Testamenti di donne ebree...," 437.</text>
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                <text>Latin</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Rena Lauer</text>
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                  <text>Hebrew Notarial Wills </text>
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                <text>Perna, widow of the late Rabbi Giuseppe ha-Rofeh di Cave: Rome, 1538</text>
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                <text>2 February 1538</text>
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                <text>Hebrew</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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                <text>Rome, Italy</text>
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                <text>Archivio Storico Capitolino, Rome</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507">
                <text>See Kenneth Stow, &lt;em&gt;The Jews in Rome&lt;/em&gt; I (Leiden: Brill, 1995), no. 257.</text>
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                <text>Perna, widow of the late Rabbi Giuseppe ha-Rofeh di Cave</text>
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                <text>Perna testates before a Hebrew notary in Rome. Her will focuses on her lack of assets -- she claims to be destitute. She lives in the house of her nephew Gabriele, who took care of all her needs. She explains that she is testating to protect Gabriele from her other nephews, expecting that those other nephews will harrass Gabriele in an attempt to extract some of Perna's assets from him. The only thing she has is the clothing on her back, and that she leaves to Gabriele. </text>
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        <name>family feud</name>
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                  <text>Latinate Wills</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Anastassia, wife of Judah Balbo: Crete, 1334</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>24 June 1334</text>
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                <text>Latin</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Eastern Mediterranean</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Candia, Crete</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="74">
                <text>Archivio di Stato, Venice</text>
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                <text>ASV Notai di Candia, b. 295, fol. 6r (not Antonio Rudolfo)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1761">
                <text>McKee, Wills, no. 463</text>
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                <text>Rena Lauer</text>
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                <text>Anastassia, wife of Judah Balbo</text>
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                <text>Anastassia is the wife of Judah (Iecudha) Balbo, a spicer (&lt;em&gt;speciarius&lt;/em&gt;) in Candia. She names as her executors her husband as well as her brother Sambatheus Balbo. It seems that she married a relative. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She testates while sick, and names her husband Iecudha and her brother Sambatheus as her executors. She makes it known that her dowry was 270 hyperpera, which she divides between her "dear son" Ysagia and her daughters, Tardina and Cigiona, equally. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She leaves to her husband the 100 hyperpera of her virginity money (which was "according to the customs of the Jews"). But if he remarries, that money should get divided among her children instead. Moreover, if he does remarry, all of the money that is left to the children should be given to them immediately upon coming of age. If he does not remarry, however, all of the money that goes to the children should remain in her husband's hands until his death, and only then should the money go to her children. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another 50 hyperpera that was given to her by her husband should be given by her husband to poor Jewish women's dowries "pro anima mea." She adds a condition that tries to circumvent Judah should he not want to do this. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Judah seems to owe Anastassia's mother Eudhochia a debt, and Anastassia adds a clause to her will that, if Judah engages with Eudhochia about this "in iudicio vel extra iudicium" then her mother should immediately be able to get 200 hyperpera from Anastassia's dowry.</text>
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        <name>charity</name>
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        <name>conditions</name>
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        <name>dowry</name>
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        <name>poverty</name>
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